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Tuesday, 21 August 2012
Introduction of CCNA
CCNA
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK
CCNA certification is a second-level Cisco Career certification. CCNA certification validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size routed and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN.
To achieve CCNA certification, one must earn a passing score on Cisco exam #640-802, or combined passing scores on both the ICND1 #640-822 and ICND2 #640-816 exams. Passing the ICND1 grants one the Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT) certification. Passing scores are set by using statistical analysis and are subject to change. At the completion of the exam, candidates receive a score report along with a score breakout by exam section and the passing score for the given exam. Cisco does not publish exam passing scores because exam questions and passing scores are subject to change without notice.
The use of IP, EIGRP, Frame Relay, RIPv2, VLANs, Ethernet, and access control lists is all included within the curriculum. Cisco produces a breakdown of the CCNA objectives on their website. The exams themselves include a mixture of question types. Multiple choice, drag and drop, testlets, and simulations are the most common.
Types Of Router
Types of Router
1. Fixed Router Series 1-2500
1. Fixed Router- This Router is configuration of fix is not extend any post
SDM= Show the Router
Graphically only in 2600 series
Definition of Networking
Definition of
networking- networking means connect two or more than two computer by using
transmission media.
Definition of Network
Definition
of network-
collection of computer or groups of computer connected with each other is
called as network
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION
MEDIA
Typs of light wave
·
Infrared
(irDA)
·
Radio
wave
·
Microwave
#. Infrared wireless transmission media :-
Ø Used in small distance
communication or controlling section
Ø Range 1 to 500 miter
Ø DTR 1 to 100 mbps
Ø Developed by irDA
(infrared data associate )
Ø Frequency 1000 GHz to
400 THz
#. Radio wave wireless transmission media:-
Ø Range 70 miter to 1 km
Ø DTR 1 to 10 mbps
Ø Used in small distance
communication or mobile data communication with frequency 10 kHz to 1000 MHz
Imp :- ILD = Injection laser diode
#. Microwave wireless transmission media :-
Ø Range 50 miter or more
Ø DTR 1 to 10 mbps
Ø With frequency 1000
MHz to 1000 GHz
Ø Long distance
communication
Note :- èirDA - infrared energy is light that we can’t see
but our bodies can detect as heat
Types of Network
Networks:-
- Lan – local area network
- Can – campus area network
- Man – metropolitan area network
- Wan – wide area network
- Pan – personal areas network
NETWORK DEVICES
NETWORK DEVICES
èNETWORK device are use
to make the connection or create the connection in between
computer to computer
èTypes of Network Devices
2. Repeater
3. Bridge
4. Hub
5. Switch
6. Router
7. Broughter
8. Layer 3 Switch
9. Gate Way
10. Modem
11. Access Point
1 . LAN CARD (NIC- Network interface card ) – is a network device
which use to make the connection in between computer to computer as well as
other device
èWired LAN card :-
·
10
base 2 Lan card – used with coaxial cable (10 base 2) BNC 10 mbps.
·
10
base 5 Lan card – used with coaxial cable (10 base 2) AUI 100 mbps.
·
10
base 3 lan card – used with TP cable RJ45 10 mbps
·
100
base T lan card – used with TP cable RJ 45 10/100 mbps
·
Gigabyte
lan card – use with TP cable RJ 451 gbps
to 100 gbps
2 . Repeater -: It is a Network device which use to
Regenerate or amplifier the signal
èIts
use with Coaxial cable
èIt
use two LAN segment at a time
èIt
is non intelligent device because it does not understand the LAN card MAC
address. It create the collision
3 . Bridge -: It is a Network device which use to
regenerate or amplifier the signal
èIt
is an advance version of repeater
èIt
connect the multiple lan segment at a time (up to 8)
èIt
is an intelligent device because it understand LAN card MAC Address
èIt
does not create the collision
4 . Hub -: It is Network device which use to make the
connection between computer to computer
èIt
has 4/8/16/24 Port device
èIn which there two
types of port
Up link Non up link
èIt is non-intelligent
device because it does not understand the MAC Address
èIt create the
collision
èIt is a broadcast
device
5 . Switch -: It is a Network device
which use to make the connection or create the connection in between computer
to computer
èIt is an Advance
version of HUB
èIt has 8/10/24/48 port
device
èIt is an Intelligent
device
èIt is uncast device
6 .
Router -: It
is a Network device which use to provide the Communication in between tow or
more than two Network
èThere are two types of
Router
ð Software Router (MCITP
III module )
ð Hardware Router ( CCNA
Module IV )
7 .
Gateway -: It
is a Network device which use to provide the route or path of traffic or
internal network to external network as well as external to internal Network
Two
types of Gateway
ü Hardware Gateway
ü Software Gateway
8
Broughter -: It
is a Network device which use to connected the multiple LAN segment as well as provide
the communication in between two or more than two Network
ü It is combination of
Bridge and Router
ü It is a Advance
version of Bridge
ü It is intelligent
device
ü It does not create the
collision
9
Layer 3 Switch -: It
is a Network device which use to make connection in between computer to
computer as well as provide the communication in between different network
ü It is a combination of switch and router
ü It is a advance
version of switch
ü It provide higher
performance. It create the large LAN..
10
Modem -: It
is a network device which used to complete the modulation of de-modulation
process It means it convert analog
signal to digital signal and digital signal to analog signal
11 .
Access Point -: It is a wireless
Protocol Full Forms
Protocol Full Forms
#. PROTOCOLS FULL FORMS
1. SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
2. FTP – File Transfer Protocol
3. Tel Net
4. www – world wide web
5. HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
6. SMB – Server Management Protocol
7. NCO – Network Control Protocol
8. TCP – Transmission control Protocol
9. TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
10. NFS – Network File System
11. SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
12. UDP – User Datagram Protocol
13. ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
14. ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
15. RARP – Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
16. PPP – Point to Point Protocol
#. Data Link layer -:
· SLIP – Serial line Internal Protocol
· CSLIP – Compressed serial line Internal Protocol
· PPP – Point- to-Point
· Ethernet
1. SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
2. FTP – File Transfer Protocol
3. Tel Net
4. www – world wide web
5. HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
6. SMB – Server Management Protocol
7. NCO – Network Control Protocol
8. TCP – Transmission control Protocol
9. TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
10. NFS – Network File System
11. SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
12. UDP – User Datagram Protocol
13. ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
14. ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
15. RARP – Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
16. PPP – Point to Point Protocol
#. Data Link layer -:
· SLIP – Serial line Internal Protocol
· CSLIP – Compressed serial line Internal Protocol
· PPP – Point- to-Point
· Ethernet
#. Network layer-:
· ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
· IP – Internet Protocol
· RARP – Reverse address Resolution Protocol
· ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
· IP – Internet Protocol
· RARP – Reverse address Resolution Protocol
#. Transport layer-:
· TCP- A reliable connection oriented protocol < Transmission >
· UDP – User Data Gram protocol
· ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
· IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
· TCP- A reliable connection oriented protocol < Transmission >
· UDP – User Data Gram protocol
· ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
· IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
#. Application layer-:
· FTP – File Transfer Protocol
· TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
· NFS – Network File System
· SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
· HTTP – Hyper text Transfer Protocol
· BOOTP – Bootstrap Protocol
· DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
· BGP – Boarder gateway Protocol
· EGP – Exterior Gateway Protocol
· IGP – Interior Gateway Protocol
· RIP – Routing Information Protocol
· OSPF – Open Shortest Path First
· POP – Post Office Protocol
· IMAP – Internet Mail Access Protocol
· TELNET
· FTP – File Transfer Protocol
· TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
· NFS – Network File System
· SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
· HTTP – Hyper text Transfer Protocol
· BOOTP – Bootstrap Protocol
· DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
· BGP – Boarder gateway Protocol
· EGP – Exterior Gateway Protocol
· IGP – Interior Gateway Protocol
· RIP – Routing Information Protocol
· OSPF – Open Shortest Path First
· POP – Post Office Protocol
· IMAP – Internet Mail Access Protocol
· TELNET
Protocols Port Address
PROTOCOL
PORT
ADDRESS
UDP 0
TCP 1
IP 7
FTP 20,
21
DNS 53
DHCP 67,
68
( 67 FOR CLIENT 68 FOR SERVER )
POP 2 109
POP 3 110
NNTP-
NETWORK NEWS TRANSFER PROTOCOL 119
SQL-
STRUCTURE QURIE LANGUAGE 118
NET-
BIOS 137,
38, 39
IMAP 2
INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL 143
SNMP 161
BGP 179
IPX 213
IMAP 3 220
LDAP -
LIGHT WEIGHT DIRECTORU ACCESS PROTOCOL 389
HTTPS 443
WINS 42
WELL NON
PROT -: 0 TO 1023
REGISTER
PORT -: 1024 TO 49151
DYNAMIC
PRIVATE PORT -: 49152 TO 65535
7 Layers Of OSI Model
7
- LAYERS
1 #. Application
layer – It
is the seventh layer of the OSI Model which use to provide the interface in
between user and application software
2 #. Presentation layer – It is the sixth layer
of the OSI Model which use to translate, encrypt and compress the data
3 #. Session layer – It is the fifth layer of the OSI Model
which use to manage and synchronize the data
4 #.Transport layer – It is the forth layer of the OSI Model
which use to create the segment ( it is the combination of data and port
address ) note-: Port address is also
called as application extension
5 #. Network Layer – It is the third layer of the OSI Model
which use to create the packet ( it is combination of segment and IP address
6 #. Data Link Layer – It is the second layer of the OSI Model
which use to create the frame ( it is combination of packet and MAC
address
7 #. Physical Layer – It is first layer of the OSI Model
which use to convert the frame into 0.1 format
IP ADDRESSING TCP / IP
IP ADDRESSING
TCP /
IP
IANA > INTERNET ASIGN NUMBER AUTHORITY
IP ADDRESSES
CLASS
|
CLASS – A
|
CLASS – B
|
CLASS – C
|
CLASS – D
|
CLASS – E
|
RANGE
|
1 to 126
|
128 to 191
|
192 to 223
|
224 to 239
|
240 to 254
|
Ø Zero ( 0 ) reserve for Network Broadcasting
Ø 127 reserve for Loop Back Address or LAN card testing
Ø 255 reserve for Host Broadcasting also multicasting
CLASS
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
START ADDRESS
|
10.0.0.0
|
128.0.0.0
|
192.0.0.0
|
224.0.0.0
|
240.0.0.0
|
FINISH ADDRESS
|
10.255.255.255
|
128.255.255.255
|
192.255.255.255
|
224.255.255.255
|
240.255.255.255
|
USED IN
|
LARGE NETWORK
|
LARGE NETWORK
|
SMALL NETWORK
|
RESERVE FOR MULTICAST
|
RESERVE FOR EXPERIMENT PURPUSE
|
NETWORK ID AND HOST ID -:
CLASS – A :- In which there 1st octet is Network ID and 2nd 3rd
4th octet is Host ID
CLASS – B :- In which there 1st 2nd
octet is Network ID and 3rd and 4th octet is Host ID
CLASS – C :- In which there 1st 2nd
3rd octet is Network ID and 4th octet is Host ID
Number of Network
in Per Class
RANGE
|
CLASS – A
|
CLASS – B
|
CLASS – C
|
No of Network
No of
Host
Subnet
mask
|
(2)7
+
128-2
= 126
(2)24-2
16777216-2=
16777214
255.0.0.0
|
(2) 14
16384-2
=16382
(2)16-2
65536-2=
65534
255.255.0.0
|
(2) 21
2097152-2
= 2097150
(2)8-2
256-2=254
255.255.255.0
|
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