Introduction of CCNA

CCNA

CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE

CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is a certification from Cisco.

CCNA certification is a second-level Cisco Career certification. CCNA certification validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size routed and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN.

To achieve CCNA certification, one must earn a passing score on Cisco exam #640-802, or combined passing scores on both the ICND1 #640-822 and ICND2 #640-816 exams. Passing the ICND1 grants one the Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT) certification. Passing scores are set by using statistical analysis and are subject to change. At the completion of the exam, candidates receive a score report along with a score breakout by exam section and the passing score for the given exam. Cisco does not publish exam passing scores because exam questions and passing scores are subject to change without notice.

The use of IP, EIGRP, Frame Relay, RIPv2, VLANs, Ethernet, and access control lists is all included within the curriculum. Cisco produces a breakdown of the CCNA objectives on their website. The exams themselves include a mixture of question types. Multiple choice, drag and drop, testlets, and simulations are the most common.

Types Of Router

Types of Router

1.      Fixed Router  Series 1-2500

2.      Modular Router Series 2600 to till now
 

1.      Fixed Router- This Router is configuration of fix is not extend any post

2.      Modular Router- In which Router extend the configuration depend on your requirement

SDM= Show the Router Graphically only in 2600 series 

Definition of Networking

Definition of networking- networking means connect two or more than two computer by using transmission media.

Definition of Network

Definition of network- collection of computer or groups of computer connected with each other is called as network

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Typs of light wave

·          Infrared (irDA)

·          Radio wave

·          Microwave

#. Infrared wireless transmission media :-

Ø  Used in small distance communication or controlling  section

Ø  Range 1 to 500 miter

Ø  DTR     1 to 100 mbps

Ø  Developed by irDA (infrared data associate )

Ø  Frequency 1000 GHz to 400 THz

#. Radio wave wireless transmission media:-

Ø  Range 70 miter to 1 km

Ø  DTR 1 to 10 mbps

Ø  Used in small distance communication or mobile data communication with frequency 10 kHz to 1000 MHz

Imp :- ILD = Injection laser diode   

#. Microwave wireless transmission media :-

Ø  Range  50 miter or more

Ø  DTR 1 to 10 mbps

Ø  With frequency 1000 MHz to 1000 GHz

Ø  Long distance communication

Note :- èirDA  - infrared energy is light that we can’t see but our bodies can detect as heat

Types of Network

Networks:-

•    Lan – local area network

•    Can – campus area network

•    Man – metropolitan area network

•    Wan – wide area network

•    Pan – personal areas network 

    

NETWORK DEVICES

NETWORK DEVICES

 èNETWORK device are use to make the connection or create the connection in between   

     computer to computer

èTypes of Network Devices

1.     Lan Card =Mandatory Component
2.   Repeater
3.     Bridge
4.     Hub
5.     Switch
6.     Router                                    
7.     Broughter
8.     Layer 3 Switch
9.     Gate Way
10.   Modem
11.   Access Point

1 . LAN CARD (NIC- Network interface card ) – is a network device which use to make the connection in between computer to computer as well as other device 

èWired LAN card :-

·          10 base 2 Lan card – used with coaxial cable (10 base 2) BNC 10 mbps.

·          10 base 5 Lan card – used with coaxial cable (10 base 2) AUI 100 mbps.

·          10 base 3 lan card – used with TP cable RJ45 10 mbps

·          100 base T lan card – used with TP cable RJ 45 10/100 mbps

·          Gigabyte lan card – use with TP  cable RJ 451 gbps to 100 gbps

2 . Repeater -: It is a Network device which use to Regenerate or amplifier the signal

èIts use with Coaxial cable

èIt use two LAN segment at a time

èIt is non intelligent device because it does not understand the LAN card MAC address.  It create the collision 

3 . Bridge -: It is a Network device which use to regenerate or amplifier the signal

èIt is an advance version of repeater

èIt connect the multiple lan segment at a time (up to 8)

èIt is an intelligent device because it understand LAN card MAC Address

èIt does not create the collision

4 . Hub -: It is Network device which use to make the connection between computer to computer

èIt has 4/8/16/24 Port device

èIn which there two types of port

Up link                                    Non up link

èIt is non-intelligent device because it does not understand the MAC Address

èIt create the collision 

èIt is a broadcast device

5  . Switch -: It is a Network device which use to make the connection or create the connection in between computer to computer

èIt is an Advance version of HUB

èIt has 8/10/24/48 port device

èIt is an Intelligent device

èIt is uncast device

6 . Router -: It is a Network device which use to provide the Communication in between tow or more than two Network

                èThere are two types of Router

ð  Software Router (MCITP III module )

ð  Hardware Router ( CCNA Module IV )

7 . Gateway -: It is a Network device which use to provide the route or path of traffic or internal network to external network as well as external to internal Network

                Two types of Gateway

ü  Hardware Gateway

ü  Software Gateway

8 Broughter -: It is a Network device which use to connected the multiple LAN segment as well as provide the communication in between two or more than two Network

ü  It is combination of Bridge and Router

ü  It is a Advance version of Bridge

ü  It is intelligent device

ü  It does not create the collision

9 Layer 3 Switch -: It is a Network device which use to make connection in between computer to computer as well as provide the communication in between different  network

ü  It is  a combination of switch and router

ü  It is a advance version of switch

ü  It provide higher performance.  It create the large LAN..

10 Modem -: It is a network device which used to complete the modulation of de-modulation process   It means it convert analog signal to digital signal and digital signal to analog signal

11 . Access Point -:  It is a wireless 

Protocol Full Forms

Protocol Full Forms

#. PROTOCOLS FULL FORMS
1.     SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
2.     FTP – File Transfer Protocol
3.     Tel Net
4.     www – world wide web
5.     HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
6.     SMB – Server Management Protocol
7.     NCO – Network Control Protocol
8.     TCP – Transmission control Protocol
9.     TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
10.   NFS – Network File System
11.   SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
12.   UDP – User Datagram Protocol
13.   ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
14.   ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
15.   RARP – Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
16.   PPP – Point to Point Protocol
 
#. Data Link layer -:
·          SLIP – Serial line Internal Protocol
·          CSLIP – Compressed serial line Internal Protocol
·          PPP – Point- to-Point
·          Ethernet

#. Network layer-:
·          ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
·          IP – Internet Protocol
·          RARP – Reverse address Resolution Protocol

#. Transport layer-:
·          TCP- A reliable connection oriented protocol < Transmission >
·          UDP – User Data Gram protocol
·          ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
·          IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol

#. Application layer-:
·          FTP – File Transfer Protocol
·          TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
·          NFS – Network File System
·          SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
·          HTTP – Hyper text Transfer Protocol
·          BOOTP – Bootstrap Protocol
·          DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
·          BGP – Boarder gateway Protocol
·          EGP – Exterior Gateway Protocol
·          IGP – Interior Gateway Protocol
·          RIP – Routing Information Protocol
·          OSPF – Open Shortest Path First
·          POP – Post Office Protocol
·          IMAP – Internet Mail Access Protocol
·          TELNET

Protocols Port Address

PROTOCOL                                                                      PORT ADDRESS

UDP                                                                                                                        0

TCP                                                                                                                         1

IP                                                                                                                             7

FTP                                                                                                                         20, 21

DNS                                                                                                                        53

DHCP                                                                                                                     67, 68      

                                                                                                ( 67 FOR CLIENT 68 FOR SERVER )

POP 2                                                                                                                     109

POP 3                                                                                                                     110

NNTP- NETWORK NEWS TRANSFER PROTOCOL                                  119

SQL- STRUCTURE QURIE LANGUAGE                                                        118

NET- BIOS                                                                                                             137, 38, 39

IMAP 2 INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL                                143

SNMP                                                                                                                      161

BGP                                                                                                                         179

IPX                                                                                                                            213

IMAP 3                                                                                                                      220

LDAP - LIGHT WEIGHT DIRECTORU ACCESS PROTOCOL                     389

HTTPS                                                                                                                      443

WINS                                                                                                                         42

WELL NON PROT  -: 0 TO 1023

REGISTER PORT -: 1024 TO 49151

DYNAMIC PRIVATE PORT -: 49152 TO 65535

7 Layers Of OSI Model

7 - LAYERS

 1 #. Application layer – It is the seventh layer of the OSI Model which use to provide the interface in between user and application software

2 #. Presentation layer – It is the sixth layer of the OSI Model which use to translate, encrypt and compress the data

3 #. Session layer – It is the fifth layer of the OSI Model which use to manage and synchronize the data

4 #.Transport layer – It is the forth layer of the OSI Model which use to create the segment ( it is the combination of data and port address ) note-: Port address is also called as application extension

5 #. Network Layer – It is the third layer of the OSI Model which use to create the packet ( it is combination of segment and IP address

6 #. Data Link Layer – It is the second layer of the OSI Model which use to create the frame  ( it is combination of packet and MAC address

7 #. Physical Layer – It is first layer of the OSI Model which use to convert the frame into 0.1 format

IP ADDRESSING TCP / IP

IP ADDRESSING

TCP / IP

IANA  > INTERNET ASIGN NUMBER AUTHORITY

IP ADDRESSES

CLASS	CLASS – A	CLASS – B	CLASS – C	CLASS – D	CLASS – E
RANGE	1 to 126	128 to 191	192 to 223	224 to 239	240 to 254

Ø  Zero ( 0 ) reserve for Network Broadcasting 

Ø  127 reserve for Loop Back Address or LAN card testing

Ø  255 reserve for Host Broadcasting also multicasting

CLASS	A	B	C	D	E
START ADDRESS	10.0.0.0	128.0.0.0	192.0.0.0	224.0.0.0	240.0.0.0
FINISH ADDRESS	10.255.255.255	128.255.255.255	192.255.255.255	224.255.255.255	240.255.255.255
USED IN	LARGE NETWORK	LARGE NETWORK	SMALL NETWORK	RESERVE FOR MULTICAST	RESERVE FOR EXPERIMENT PURPUSE

NETWORK ID AND HOST ID -:

CLASS – A :- In which there 1^st  octet is Network ID and 2^nd 3^rd 4^th octet is Host ID

CLASS – B :- In which there 1^st 2^nd octet is Network ID and 3^rd and 4^th octet is Host ID

CLASS – C :- In which there 1^st 2^nd 3^rd octet is Network ID and 4^th octet is Host ID

Number  of Network in Per Class

RANGE	CLASS – A	CLASS – B	CLASS – C
No of Network No of Host Subnet mask	(2)7 + 128-2 = 126 (2)24-2 16777216-2= 16777214 255.0.0.0	(2) 14 16384-2 =16382 (2)16-2 65536-2= 65534 255.255.0.0	(2) 21 2097152-2 = 2097150 (2)8-2 256-2=254 255.255.255.0